Deploying a Single-Node Kubernetes Cluster on Debian 13 with kubeadm and Cilium

Introduction Deploying a Kubernetes cluster using kubeadm in a local virtual machine environment is an ideal choice for learning and experimentation. Considering potential network restrictions and image building requirements in real-world scenarios, this guide provides a detailed walkthrough of deploying a single-node Kubernetes cluster in a completely offline environment. By integrating Harbor as a private container registry, all Kubernetes component images are pulled from a local Harbor instance, ensuring deployment reliability and reproducibility. ...

February 5, 2026 · 10 min · Rainux He